ARM1 TASK 1: POPULATION HEALTH DATA BRIEF
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D029-ARM1 Task 1- Population Health Data Brief
ARM1 Task 1- Population Data Brief- passed 1st attempt
University
Western Governors University
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Informatics for Transforming Nursing Care (D029)
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Kasi Jordan
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D029 Population Health Data Brief
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Phase ONE Reflection - Just for study purpose, use it as a guide to complete your own work
D029 Narrative Essay - CPE Phase 1
Population Health Data Brief
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D029 Technology Summary
D029
D029
D029
POPULATION HEALTH DATA BRIEF | 2022
Kasi M. Jordan, RN, BSN
Informatics for Transforming Nursing Care
March 25, 2022
Crenshaw County, Alabama
A. SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
- Key Findings
●Crenshaw County ranks 27 out of 67 for overall health outcomes in counties in the state
of Alabama.
●Sexually transmitted infections were ranked significantly higher in Crenshaw County
than the state and national level.
●Alcohol-impaired driving deaths in Crenshaw County had a substantial increase in
numbers in the year 2019.
●Unemployment rates for Crenshaw County has remained consistent with the top US
performers percentages through the years 2002 to 2019.
●
1
Note. This is an Alabama County Map (Maps of World, n.d.). - Introductory Paragraph:
Crenshaw County in Alabama was the chosen county for this population health data
brief. According to the United States Census Bureau Quick facts for Crenshaw County,
the population estimate for July 1, 2021, is unavailable, but the population census as of
April 1, 2020, was 13, 194. The percentage of people under the age of 18 was 22.8% and
just slightly under that percentage was persons 65 years and older at 19.4%. The
percentage of females in Crenshaw County was shown at 51.5%. The percentage of
White (alone) was the highest percentage of race at 72.2%. The following were lower
race percentages which revealed the following: Black or African American (alone)
23.9%; American Indian and Alaska Native (alone) 0.7%; Asian (alone) 1.1%; Native
Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (alone) displayed a “Z” which meant the value was
greater than zero but less than half unit of measure shown; Two or more races 2.1%;
Hispanic or Latino (alone) 2.4%; and White (alone), not Hispanic or Latino 70.3%
(United States Census Bureau, n.d.). - Sociodemographic Profile Table
Population Characteristics County United States
Population Estimates NA 331,893,74
5
Population Percent Change NA 0.1%
Percent of Persons Under the Age of 18 22.8
%
22.3%
Percent of Persons 65 Years and Over 19.4
%
16.5%
Percent of Female Persons 51.5
%
50.8%
Percent White alone 72.2
%
76.3%
Percent Black or African American alone 23.9 13.4%
2
%
Percent American Indian and Alaska Native alone 0.7% 1.3%
Percent Asian alone 1.1% 5.9%
Percent Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone Z0.2%
Percent Two or More Races 2.1% 2.8%
Percent Hispanic or Latino alone 2.4% 18.5%
Percent White alone, not Hispanic or Latino 70.3
%
60.1%
Language Other Than English Spoken at Home, Percent of
persons 5 years +
2.8% 21.5%
Percent of Houses with a Computer 79.4
%
91.9%
Percent with High School Graduate or Higher 78.8
%
88.5%
Percent with a Disability, Under Age 65 Years 17.4
%
8.7%
Percent without Health Insurance, Under Age 65 Years 13.4
%
10.2%
Percent in Civilian Labor Force Age 16 Years+ 52.7
%
63.0%
Percent of Females in Civilian Labor Force Age 16 Years+ 47.2
%
58.4%
Total Healthcare and Social Assistance Revenue 28,69
8
2,040,441,2
03
Total Retail Sales Per Capita $5,16
4
$13,443
Per Capita Income in the Past 12 Months $26,3
51
$35,384
Percent of Persons in Poverty 16.8
%
11.4%
Population Per Square Mile 22.8 87.4
(United States Census Bureau, n.d.).
B. COUNTY HEALTH TRENDS & RANKINGS - Introductory Paragraph
The graphs listed below were collected using the County Health Rankings and Roadmaps website.
Each graph was readily available for download on the website for use on this project. The seven
health trends chosen for discussion related to Crenshaw County statistics are adult obesity, physical
inactivity, alcohol-impaired driving deaths, sexually transmitted infections, unemployment, children
in poverty, and violent crimes. Of the measures listed; adult obesity, physical inactivity, alcohol-
impaired driving deaths, and sexually transmitted infections were shown as worsening whereas
unemployment, children in poverty, and violent crimes all showed improvement (County Health
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Rankings and Roadmaps, n.d.). These measures were chosen in order to reveal positive and
negative health trends of Crenshaw County compared to the state and national level. - Discussion of Health Trends
Crenshaw County has an overall ranking for health outcomes of 27 out of 67 counties in
Alabama and 26 out of 67 for length of life rankings. Adult obesity in Crenshaw County was
consistently higher than the state and national average through the years 2004 to 2017.
Physical inactivity is another measure that correlates with obesity due to the fact that it has
remained consistently higher than the state and national level during 2004 through 2017.
Alcohol-impaired driving deaths demonstrated a huge increase for Crenshaw County in 2019
which showed the county at 100% of driving deaths with alcohol involvement and Alabama
at 27% and the U.S. at 26%. Sexually Transmitted infections in Crenshaw County have
gotten worse over the last several years. Crenshaw County was noted to have an increase in
Chlamydia cases in 2016 with a decrease seen in 2017 into 2018 but were still consistently
higher than the state and national average. There was no significant trend noted with the
percentage of unemployment, but within recent years it seems to improve in Crenshaw
County, Alabama, and the U.S. The trend noted for children in poverty showed nothing
significant, however the percentage in Crenshaw County has been notably higher than the
state and national averages between the years of 2002 and 2019. Violent Crimes per 100,000
population in Crenshaw County went from being lower than the state and national numbers
to higher in 2011. Crenshaw County demonstrated increased numbers over the state and
national level until 2016 when there was a more than 300 count drop. All the information
collected for this section of the data brief was obtained from the County Health Rankings and
Roadmaps website for Crenshaw County, Alabama. The graphs below provide excellent
references of better or worsening trends over a period of time in Crenshaw County along with
comparing these results to the state and national measures. - Health Trends (Visual Graphs)
• Health Trend 1: Adult Obesity in Crenshaw County, Alabama
4
Figure 1:
Note: This graph indicates an increase in adult obesity rates for Crenshaw County from
29% in 2004 to 35% in 2017. Alabama’s percentage in 2017 is just lower than
Alabama’s 36% and higher than the United States 26% rates (County Health Rankings
and Roadmaps, n.d.).
• Health Trend 2: Physical Inactivity in Crenshaw County, Alabama
Figure 2:
Note: This graph indicates a 4% increase in physical inactivity in Crenshaw County
from 2004 to 2017. The 2017 rate of 34% is higher than both the state of Alabama
average as well as the national average of 19% (County Health Rankings and
Roadmaps, n.d.).
5
• Health Trend 3: Alcohol-impaired Driving Deaths in Crenshaw County, Alabama
Figure 3:
Note: This graph demonstrates the percentage of driving deaths with alcohol
involvement has become much worse for Crenshaw County between 2008 to 2019.
Crenshaw County was at 59% while Alabama was at 27% and the United States was
11% (County Health Rankings and Roadmaps, n.d.).
• Health Trend 4: Sexually Transmitted Infections in Crenshaw County, Alabama
Figure 4:
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Note: This graph provides visualization of a rise in the amount of sexually transmitted
infections per 100,000 population in Crenshaw County between 2007 and 2018.
Crenshaw County had 692.1 cases, Alabama had 583.4 cases, and the United States had
161.2 cases (County Health Rankings and Roadmaps, n.d.).
• Health Trend 5: Unemployment in Crenshaw County, Alabama
Figure 5:
Notes: This graph depicts a rise then fall in unemployment rates in Crenshaw County
between the years of 2002-2019. The percentage of unemployment in Crenshaw
County for 2019 was 2.8%, with Alabama having 3.0% and the U.S. at 2.6% (County
Health Rankings and Roadmaps, n.d.).
• Health Trend 6: Children in Poverty in Crenshaw County, Alabama
Figure 6:
7
Note: This graph demonstrates there was no significant trend found for this measure in
Crenshaw County, but also concludes that the percentage of children in poverty as of
2019, at 25%, was of lower percentage than in years prior. The graph does, however,
show Crenshaw County has a higher percentage of children in poverty through 2002-
2019 than Alabama averages, 22% in 2019, or the United States averages, 10% in 2019
(County Health Rankings and Roadmaps, n.d.).
• Health Trend 7: Violent Crime in Crenshaw County, Alabama
Figure 7:
Note: This graph reveals an increase in violent crime in Crenshaw County from 2007
to 2014 then a drop in 2016. From 2014 to 2016, Crenshaw County dropped from 496
8
violent crimes per 100,000 population to 169; Alabama increased from 431 to 528 and
the United States also showed an increase from 373 to 399 (County Health Rankings
and Roadmaps, n.d.). - Health Trends Discussion
The findings from the graphs above were collected from the County Health Rankings and
Roadmaps website which depicted information on the following measures: adult obesity,
physical inactivity, alcohol-impaired driving deaths, sexually transmitted infections,
unemployment, children in poverty, and violent crimes. As stated previously; adult obesity,
physical inactivity, alcohol-impaired driving deaths and sexually transmitted infections have
all been deemed as worsening issues in Crenshaw County. Unemployment, children in
poverty and violent crimes have all had a positive impact and were seen as better in their
numbers or percentages.
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C. Health Factors - Health Factors Table
Factors Influencing Health County
Data State Data
Top U.S.
Perform
er
Percent Smoking 23% 20% 16%
Percent with Access to Exercise Opportunities 22% 61% 91%
Percent Excessive Drinking 14% 15% 15%
Primary Care Physicians (Ratio of Population to 1
Physician)
6910:
1
1530:
1
1030:1
Percent with High School Graduation 93% 90% 95%
Percent with Some College 47% 61% 73%
Percent with Unemployment 2.8% 3.0% 2.6%
Percent of Children in Single-Parent Households 38% 32% 14%
Social Associations (Number of Associations Per
10,000)
10.1 18.2 12.3
Violent Crime (Number of Violent Crimes Per
100,000)
332 480 63
Injury Deaths (Number of Injury Deaths Per 100,000) 82 84 59
Percent of Children Eligible for Free or Reduced-Price
Lunch
65% 55% 32%
Air Pollution (Average Daily Density of Air Pollutants) 9.0 9.2 5.2
Percent with Severe Housing Problems 10% 14% 9%
(County Health Rankings and Roadmaps, n.d.). - Comparison of Data
The information in the table above was collected from the County Health Rankings and
Roadmaps website which compares the data of Crenshaw County to the state level as well as
the national level, or top U.S. performers. Top performers have the highest-ranking data and
were used as a reference for benchmarking where measures should rank. The table
demonstrates a very low percentage of access to exercise opportunities in Crenshaw County
when compared to Alabama and the U.S. The unemployment percentage as well as the
percentage of severe housing problems are closely ranked to the top U.S. performers. It is
also noted violent crimes have taken a dramatic drop in Crenshaw County for the year 2016
in comparison to previous years starting at 2007. Sexually transmitted infections (STI’s) were
also indicated as worsening for Crenshaw County. In 2016, sexually transmitted infections
significantly rose to 1, 568 cases which was almost three times the state and national results.
The data for 2018 displayed that there was a decrease for STI’s, but Crenshaw County still
maintained a higher case load than the state and national cases.
10
D. SUMMARY - Significant Finding(s)
The health issue chosen to address for Crenshaw County is sexually transmitted infections
(STI’s). Figure 4 under the topic of Health Trend 4 above, depicts how there have been spikes
in cases throughout the last several years with a significant increase in cases for 2016. Even
though there was a decrease in the years following 2016, Crenshaw County still reports
higher numbers than the state and national levels. Therefore, this data demonstrates the need
for an action plan. - Action Plan(s)
Crenshaw County remains to have higher cases of sexually transmitted diseases. According to the
Alabama Department of Public Health (2021), chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis were all noted to
have an increase in cases. It was determined the age ranges of 15-19 and 20-24 were the high-risk
groups most affected. After more in-depth research, it was discovered education in the school
systems was a factor that was severely lacking across the entire state. Alabama currently does not
have a mandate for sex education to be provided and the state policy regarding this type of
education is outdated and contains many inaccuracies. Alabama needs an up-to-date policy with
medically accurate information and teaching requirements to allow students to receive the proper
education to assist with decreasing the amount of STI diagnoses. This would require the
involvement of the Board of Education along with all school systems such as teachers and school
nurses as well as Health Departments for each county and primary care providers.
a. Services or Programs
After researching sexually transmitted infections more in-depth, it was discovered one specific
factor that was severely lacking in Crenshaw County was education. Unfortunately, Alabama
currently does not have a mandate for sex education in the school systems. Due to this lack of
education of STI’s, the increased cases when compared to national level were not a surprising find
and one can expect cases would continue to rise. An action plan to mandate sex education in the
state of Alabama therefore providing up-to-date medically accurate education for STI causes,
signs/symptoms, testing/treatment, and prevention to all student’s grades 7th-12th yearly at
minimum. This would allow for better education to be provided in Crenshaw County regarding safe
sex practices and preventing the spread of STI’s. Parents of students will also be involved and have
educational documents provided to them as well.
b. Raise Public Awareness and Promote Public Engagement
There are potential barriers when initiating this type of education to students across the
county and state level. Students who are home-schooled or in virtual school should be
allowed to receive the same sex education as students who attend classes in-person. One form
of informatics that should be used in this situation is e-learning. Electronic signs for facilities
could also be utilized to notify the public of STI testing sites. For example, the Crenshaw
County Health Department displays a message stating they are a testing and treatment center
for sexually transmitted infections. Social media could also play a huge part in allowing the
county to receive information on topics related to sexually transmitted infections and, if
possible, provide one day per month for free testing to be performed at specific sites.
11
c. Monitoring and Evaluating Action Plan
Monitoring the rate of sexually transmitted infections in Crenshaw County should be easily
identified by utilizing the Alabama Department of Public Health website as well as the
County Health Rankings and Roadmaps website. These sites both provide information
regarding the number of infections each year. By monitoring these sites, we will know
whether the education and awareness being provided is effective or if there needs to be
another action plan in place to help decrease the number of infections.
E. DATA SOURCES & METHODS
The method for preparing this data brief was by utilizing the information provided from the
County Health Rankings and Roadmaps as well as the United States Census Bureau. The
County Health Ranking and Roadmaps information was utilized to complete sections B and
C of this health data brief. The website for that specific information was from
https://www.countyhealthrankings.org/app/alabama/2021/rankings/crenshaw/county/outcome
s/overall/snapshot. The information collected from the United States Census Bureau was used
for section A and was obtained from
https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/crenshawcountyalabama,US/PTST045221#qf-
flag-Z. The map of Crenshaw County that was used in section A was copied from Maps of
World website at https://www.mapsofworld.com/usa/states/alabama/counties/crenshaw-
map.html.
References
Alabama Department of Public Health. (2021). Sexually transmitted diseases annual report 2019.
https://www.alabamapublichealth.gov/std/assets/std_annualreport_2019.pdf
County Health Rankings & Roadmaps. (n.d.). Alabama: Crenshaw (CW).
https://www.countyhealthrankings.org/app/alabama/2021/rankings/crenshaw/county/outcom
es/overall/snapshot
Maps of World. (2021, February 5). Alabama counties map.
https://www.mapsofworld.com/usa/states/alabama/counties/crenshaw-map.html
United States Census Bureau. (n.d.). Quick facts: Crenshaw County, Alabama; United States.
https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/crenshawcountyalabama,US/PTST045221#qf-
flag-Z
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